Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Comparison between optical coherence tomography angiography and immunolabeling for evaluation of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201958

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) image obtained immediately after laser photocoagulation of one spot. (B) Enface OCTA image at 5 days post-laser photocoagulation (area measuring 900×900 μm). (A) and (B) are the same eye. (C) NIR image obtained immediately after laser photocoagulation of three spots. (D) Enface OCTA image at 5 days post-laser photocoagulation (area measuring 900×900 μm). (C) and (D) are the same eye. Note that in the three-spot laser photocoagulation irradiation, the spots overlapped each other to create a larger disruption of the choroid/Bruch’s membrane/RPE complex, resulting in a larger CNV lesion that is easier to observe and evaluate in detail by enface OCTA (D) than one-spot laser photocoagulation.

Article Snippet: OCT and OCTA CNV images were obtained using the RS-3000 Advance (NIDEK) 5 days post-laser photocoagulation.

Techniques: Irradiation, Disruption, Membrane

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Comparison between optical coherence tomography angiography and immunolabeling for evaluation of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201958

Figure Lengend Snippet: CNV was visualized as a hyperflow lesion surrounded by a dark halo, indicated by the asterisk (*). We measured the CNV lesion within the yellow-dotted line. The dark halo comprising the CNV lesion was measured within the red-dotted line (OCTA measurement area: 900×900 μm).

Article Snippet: OCT and OCTA CNV images were obtained using the RS-3000 Advance (NIDEK) 5 days post-laser photocoagulation.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Comparison between optical coherence tomography angiography and immunolabeling for evaluation of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201958

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) By enface OCTA, laser-induced CNV was observed as a hyperflow lesion surrounded by a dark halo (indicated by an asterisk *; measurement area: 900×900 μm). (B) By cross-sectional OCTA imaging (corresponding to the horizontal blue line in Fig 3A) blood flow was detected between the deep retina and choroid (measurement width: 900 μm). (C) By OCT, laser-induced CNV and the pericyte-like scaffold appeared as a subretinal hyper-reflective lesion (measurement width: 900 μm). (D) Laser-induced CNV lesions were stained with CD31. (E) The pericyte-like scaffolds were stained with PDGFRβ. The periphery of the pericyte-like scaffold appeared to develop into subretinal fibrosis (yellow arrowhead). (F) Immunohistochemistry for CD31 merged with the PDGFRβ image. Neovascularization did not extend beyond the pericyte-like scaffold. (G) Enface OCTA image merged with the CD31 immunohistochemistry. The CNV lesion, which was undetectable by enface OCTA imaging, was apparent by immunolabeling (white arrow). (H) Enface OCTA image merged with PDGFRβ immunohistochemistry. The periphery of the pericyte-like scaffold, which developed into subretinal fibrosis, corresponded with the dark halo lesion visible by enface OCTA (yellow arrowhead). (I) Triple-merged image of enface OCTA, CD31, and PDGFRβ immunohistochemistry. Note that the CNV lesion, which was undetectable by enface OCTA imaging, was detectable by immunolabeling (white arrow in Fig 3G). This portion of the CNV lesion, at the periphery of the pericyte-like scaffold, is within the lesion area comprising the dark halo by enface OCTA (yellow arrowhead in Fig 3I). Within this dark halo, blood flow could be detected between the deep retina and the choroid by cross-sectional OCTA (yellow arrowhead in Fig 3B). Scale bar, 500 μm (D-F).

Article Snippet: OCT and OCTA CNV images were obtained using the RS-3000 Advance (NIDEK) 5 days post-laser photocoagulation.

Techniques: Imaging, Staining, Immunohistochemistry, Immunolabeling

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Comparison between optical coherence tomography angiography and immunolabeling for evaluation of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201958

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) By enface OCTA, laser-induced CNV was observed as a hyperflow lesion surrounded by a dark halo (*; areas measured 900×900 μm). (B-D) The pericyte-like scaffold was stained with α-SMA (B), PDGFRβ (C), and collagen type I (D; shown in gray scale). The periphery of the pericyte-like scaffold appeared to develop into subretinal fibrosis (yellow arrowhead). (E) Merged image of immunohistochemistry for α-SMA, PDGFRβ and collagen type I. The region outside of the pericyte-like scaffold was only stained by α-SMA (white arrowhead). (F) Merged enface OCTA image and immunohistochemistry of the α-SMA positive pericyte-like scaffold. Both outside of and at the periphery of the pericyte-like scaffold, α-SMA+ staining correlated with the dark halo lesion visualized by enface OCTA imaging. Scale bar, 500 μm (B-E).

Article Snippet: OCT and OCTA CNV images were obtained using the RS-3000 Advance (NIDEK) 5 days post-laser photocoagulation.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemistry, Imaging

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Comparison between optical coherence tomography angiography and immunolabeling for evaluation of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201958

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A and E) CNV lesion by OCTA. (B and F) dark halo comprising CNV lesion by OCTA. (C and G) CD31+ CNV lesion by immunolabeling. (D and H) PDGFRβ+ pericyte-like scaffold by immunolabeling. The r 2 value was 0.97 (A: CNV lesion by OCTA), 0.94 (B: dark halo comprising CNV lesion by OCTA), 0.95 (C: CD31+ CNV lesion by immunolabeling) and 0.98 (D: PDGFRβ+ pericyte-like scaffold by immunolabeling). A Bland-Altman plot showed agreement between the measurements of the two graders (E-H). No particular trend was found in this plot suggesting that there was no systematic bias.

Article Snippet: OCT and OCTA CNV images were obtained using the RS-3000 Advance (NIDEK) 5 days post-laser photocoagulation.

Techniques: Immunolabeling

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: The big warp: Registration of disparate retinal imaging modalities and an example overlay of ultrawide-field photos and en-face OCTA images

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284905

Figure Lengend Snippet: Our first iteration involved warping the en-face OCTA image. This caused undesired distortion and loss of resolution of the macular region image. It was also more time consuming as it required BigWarp be run for every single en-face OCTA image. However, this did not require a padding script as BigWarp automatically padded the smaller en-face OCTA image to properly align with the larger Optos UWF image. This made overlaying the photos much simpler.

Article Snippet: The Optos UWF image was selected as the moving image and the en-face OCTA image was the fixed image.

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: The big warp: Registration of disparate retinal imaging modalities and an example overlay of ultrawide-field photos and en-face OCTA images

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284905

Figure Lengend Snippet: Method for registering and overlaying en-face OCTA and Optos UWF retinal images using Fiji and BigWarp.

Article Snippet: The Optos UWF image was selected as the moving image and the en-face OCTA image was the fixed image.

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: The big warp: Registration of disparate retinal imaging modalities and an example overlay of ultrawide-field photos and en-face OCTA images

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284905

Figure Lengend Snippet: Optos UWF image warped onto the en-face OCTA image. We were able to properly pad and align the smaller en-face OCTA image with a user-friendly script designed for this purpose. A) Original en-face OCTA image one of ten in the series. B) Original Optos UWF image. C&D) Pink markers indicate reference points used in BigWarp for image transformation. E) Preview of the en-face OCTA overlayed on the transformed Optos UWF image in BigWarp. Vessel alignment demonstrates a good transformation result. F&G) Resulting overlayed images with the Optos UWF image transformed.

Article Snippet: The Optos UWF image was selected as the moving image and the en-face OCTA image was the fixed image.

Techniques: Transformation Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of changes in the retina and the choroid after haemodialysis

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35562-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images obtained by DRI OCT-1 Atlantis® (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Original grayscale images at the level of superior capillary plexus ( A ), deep capillary plexus ( B ), and choriocapillaris ( C ) were obtained using a 6 × 6 mm protocol centred on the fovea. Colour-coded perfusion density maps at each layer ( D – F ) were automatically generated. Numerical information about perfused vessel density (PVD) of each subfield divided into 9 zone Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid was calculated using Matlab® (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA) ( G–I ).

Article Snippet: Figure 2 Representative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images obtained by DRI OCT-1 Atlantis® (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Tomography, Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Relationship between retinal capillary vessel density of OCT angiography and intraocular pressure in pig

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87689-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Segmentation of the retinal vascular layer. ( A ) Total retinal blood flow layer from the internal limiting membrane to the outer plexiform layer. ( B ) Binarization image of total retinal blood flow. ( C ) Radial peripapillary capillaries from the inner nuclear layer to the retinal nerve fiber layer showed long capillaries running parallel to the nerve fiber layer. ( D ) Superficial vascular plexus from ganglion cell layer to the inner margin of the inner plexiform layer showed arborescent patterns with central arterioles (red arrow). ( E ) Intermediate vascular plexus from the inner plexiform layer to the inner margin of the inner nuclear layer had no prominent arterioles or venules. ( F ) Deep vascular plexus from the inner nuclear layer to the outer plexiform layer showed prominent central venules (red arrowhead) and arborescent capillaries. ( C – F ) (upper) In fusion images of structural OCT section images and the corresponding blood flow information (structural OCT + OCTA) (magnification × 4), direct visual confirmation of structural and flow information (yellowish dot overlay) in each vascular plexus was established by the user. (middle) En-face OCTA images and (lower) binarized images of en-face OCTA images. Major cilioretinal vessels were manually removed in binarized images of RPC, SVP, IVP (white asterisk in C – E ).

Article Snippet: The automated segmentation of the en-face OCTA images (HEYEX; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) were performed.

Techniques: Membrane

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Relationship between retinal capillary vessel density of OCT angiography and intraocular pressure in pig

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87689-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Qualitative change in total retinal blood flow according to changes in IOP from 15 to 75 mmHg, and the recovery state. The fine end of capillaries which made inter-capillary connections seemed to be more diminished than capillaries connected to arterioles and venules at 30 mmHg of IOP. At 45 mmHg, a dramatic decrease in capillary flow was observed. Only major cilioretinal vessels and peripapillary vessels showed flow signal above 60 mmHg. In the recovery state, all of the major vessels and capillary flows seemed to recover their signal intensity. ( B ) Structural OCT + OCTA B-scan cross section image shows flow signal (yellowish dot) on structural OCT. When the intraocular pressure rises to 45 mmHg, the lumen of the major retinal vessels started to collapse and the vascular lumen flattened; capillary flow decreases as pressure rise. However, the flow signal still appears to be present in the cilioretinal arteries until an IOP of 75 mmHg. In the choroidal circulation, as shown in the en-face OCT, the flow reduction was clearly seen at 45 mmHg, and almost no flow signal was observed above 60 mmHg.

Article Snippet: The automated segmentation of the en-face OCTA images (HEYEX; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) were performed.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Relationship between retinal capillary vessel density of OCT angiography and intraocular pressure in pig

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87689-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tissue staining of retinal capillary layers at baseline ( A ) and 90 mmHg of IOP ( B ). The tissue area examined by OCTA was confirmed in gross specimens (upper left) and then lectin staining was performed. The entire tissue was divided into 25 tiles and orthogonal confocal images (× 5 magnification) of the lectin stain (upper middle) and RBC autofluorescence (upper right) were obtained. (second and third rows) En face view of the different capillary levels of the pig retina (upper: lectin-stained images, lower: RBC autofluorescence images).

Article Snippet: The automated segmentation of the en-face OCTA images (HEYEX; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) were performed.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Relationship between retinal capillary vessel density of OCT angiography and intraocular pressure in pig

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87689-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: The experimental procedures. ( A ) The vitrectomy was performed in the decubitus position and pig was positioned to lay straight for OCTA imaging. A ventrolateral infusion was maintained and connected to the vented-gas forced-infusion system. ( B ) The position of the eye during OCTA image capture. The optic nerve head was maintained in the lower center of the fundus region and visualized with the scanning-laser ophthalmoscopy module. ( C , D ) Tissue fixing procedure. The zinc formalin fully filled the eye and continuous pressure was supplied by the VGFI system.

Article Snippet: The automated segmentation of the en-face OCTA images (HEYEX; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) were performed.

Techniques: Imaging

Journal: Journal of Ophthalmology

Article Title: Accuracy of Diabetic Retinopathy Staging with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network Using Ultra-Wide-Field Fundus Ophthalmoscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

doi: 10.1155/2021/6651175

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of each image and stage. Test 1 (no apparent diabetic retinopathy [NDR] or diabetic retinopathy [DR]) and test 2 (NDR or proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR]) were performed using the Optos, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and Optos OCTA images.

Article Snippet: Meanwhile, the Optos, OCTA, and Optos OCTA imaging test results for comparison between NDR and PDR showed mean AUC of 0.981, 0.928, and 0.964; sensitivity rates of 90.2%, 74.5%, and 80.4%; and specificity rates of 97%, 97%, and 96.4%, respectively.

Techniques: Tomography

Journal: Journal of Ophthalmology

Article Title: Accuracy of Diabetic Retinopathy Staging with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network Using Ultra-Wide-Field Fundus Ophthalmoscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

doi: 10.1155/2021/6651175

Figure Lengend Snippet: Test 1 (no apparent diabetic retinopathy [NDR] or diabetic retinopathy [DR]) and test 2 (NDR or proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR]) were performed using the Optos (a), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), Optos (b), Optos OCTA images (A1–A4; B0–B4). A1, B1: Superficial OCTA image; A2, B2: deep OCTA image; A3, B3: other retinal layer of the OCTA image; A4, B4: choriocapillaris layer of the OCTA image; B0: Optos image.

Article Snippet: Meanwhile, the Optos, OCTA, and Optos OCTA imaging test results for comparison between NDR and PDR showed mean AUC of 0.981, 0.928, and 0.964; sensitivity rates of 90.2%, 74.5%, and 80.4%; and specificity rates of 97%, 97%, and 96.4%, respectively.

Techniques: Tomography

Journal: Journal of Ophthalmology

Article Title: Accuracy of Diabetic Retinopathy Staging with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network Using Ultra-Wide-Field Fundus Ophthalmoscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

doi: 10.1155/2021/6651175

Figure Lengend Snippet: Receiver-operating characteristic curve for test 1 (no apparent diabetic retinopathy [NDR] or diabetic retinopathy [DR]) for Optos, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and Optos OCTA images. The order of imaging methods used based on the accuracy of their results was as follows: OCTA, Optos OCTA, and Optos.

Article Snippet: Meanwhile, the Optos, OCTA, and Optos OCTA imaging test results for comparison between NDR and PDR showed mean AUC of 0.981, 0.928, and 0.964; sensitivity rates of 90.2%, 74.5%, and 80.4%; and specificity rates of 97%, 97%, and 96.4%, respectively.

Techniques: Tomography, Imaging

Journal: Journal of Ophthalmology

Article Title: Accuracy of Diabetic Retinopathy Staging with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network Using Ultra-Wide-Field Fundus Ophthalmoscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

doi: 10.1155/2021/6651175

Figure Lengend Snippet: Receiver-operating characteristic curve for test 2 (no apparent diabetic retinopathy [NDR] vs. proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR]) for Optos, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and Optos OCTA images. The order of imaging methods used based on the accuracy of their results was as follows: Optos, Optos OCTA, and OCTA.

Article Snippet: Meanwhile, the Optos, OCTA, and Optos OCTA imaging test results for comparison between NDR and PDR showed mean AUC of 0.981, 0.928, and 0.964; sensitivity rates of 90.2%, 74.5%, and 80.4%; and specificity rates of 97%, 97%, and 96.4%, respectively.

Techniques: Tomography, Imaging

Journal: Journal of Ophthalmology

Article Title: Accuracy of Diabetic Retinopathy Staging with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network Using Ultra-Wide-Field Fundus Ophthalmoscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

doi: 10.1155/2021/6651175

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sensitivity and specificity values and 95% confidence intervals.

Article Snippet: Meanwhile, the Optos, OCTA, and Optos OCTA imaging test results for comparison between NDR and PDR showed mean AUC of 0.981, 0.928, and 0.964; sensitivity rates of 90.2%, 74.5%, and 80.4%; and specificity rates of 97%, 97%, and 96.4%, respectively.

Techniques: